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KMID : 1022320220160040215
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Asian Nursing Research
2022 Volume.16 No. 4 p.215 ~ p.223
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Effects of On-Campus and Off-Campus Smartphone Overdependence Prevention Programs Among University Students
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Yu Jeong-Soon
Ham Ok-Kyung
Kwon Myung-Soon
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Abstract
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate effects of self-determination theory-based on-campus and off-campus prevention programs on smartphone overdependence among university students.
Methods: This was a pre-posttest quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group (CG). Seventy-eight students were recruited as participants. They were allowed to choose either an experiment group (EG) or a CG. On-campus smartphone overdependence prevention program was provided to participants in experimental group 1 (EG1), while on-campus program combined with off-campus prevention camp was provided to those in experimental group 2 (EG2). Instruments used in this study included a smartphone overdependence self-diagnosis scale, a basic psychological needs scale, and a self-regulation ability scale. Data collection was performed at baseline, immediately after intervention, at 1 month and 3 months after intervention. Data were analyzed using mixed analysis of covariance. Focus group interview was performed for qualitative evaluation.
Results: After the intervention, smartphone overdependence and basic psychological needs exhibited significant interactions between group and time. Smartphone overdependence scores decreased in EG1 and EG2 but increased in CG (F = 4.56, p = .001). Basic psychological needs improved in EG1 and EG2 but deteriorated in CG (F = 5.04, p = .009). Focus group interviews revealed that participants strived to control their smartphone usage through individual efforts and by interacting with new friends in college even after completing the program.
Conclusion: In this study, on-campus only program and combined intervention of on- and off-campus programs were both effective in maintaining and managing smartphone use. However, participants perceived that the off-campus program provided an opportunity to apply the theory learned in on-campus to the real world.
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KEYWORD
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Personal autonomy, Smartphone overdependence/addiction, University students
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